Education - Dale's Cone of Experience

What is Dale’s Cone of Experience?

The Cone was originally developed by Edgar Dale in 1946 and was intended as a way to describe various learning experiences. The diagram presented to the right (Raymond S. Pastore, Ph.D) is a modification of Dale’s original Cone; the percentages given relate to how much people remember and is a recent modification. Essentially, the Cone shows the progression of experiences from the most concrete (at the bottom of the cone) to the most abstract (at the top of the cone). It is important to note that Dale never intended the Cone to depict a value judgment of experiences; in other words, his argument was not that more concrete experiences were better than more abstract ones. Dale believed that any and all of the approaches could and should be used, depending on the needs of the learner.

The cone is based in the relationships of various educational experiences  to reality (real life)

The bottom level of the cone , "direct purposeful experiences, "represents reality or the closest things to real, everyday life.

Here are some Power Point Presentation of Dale's Cone of Experience
http://www.scribd.com/doc/11381980/Dale-Cone-of-Experience

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Education - Behaviorism, Cognitivism, Constructivism

Definition
In education there are several theories that are used in the
field.  Many educators use the three most popular theories on a
daily basis at any given time in a class.  These theories can be
documented back to the era of Aristotle.  The three popular
theories are Behaviorism, Cognitivism, and Constructivism.

Behaviorism is the theory that describes learning is due to an
observable change in behavior.  The behaviors are sometimes
learned in the process.  In this theory, the learners observe
the information, practice the information and then receive
reinforcement through praise.  The classic example of
behaviorism is when Pavlov used classic conditioning to
investigate the digestive system of dogs. Pavlov conditioned the
dogs to react to the sound of a tuning fork.  The tuning fork
became a conditioned stimulus. Other famous theorists include
Edward Thorndike who is known for inventing the puzzle box to
investigate problem solving in animals and B. F. Skinner who is
known for inventing the concept of operant conditioning.

Cognitivism is the theory that describes how information is
processed to produce learning.  It is the change in a learner’s
mental behavior.  Cognitive theory looks at how information
travels from the sensory memory to the working memory to the
long-term memory.  This theory focuses on gaining and
maintaining the learner’s attention.  After the learner’s
attention is gained, then rehearsal and visuals are used to move
the information in the memories.  Reinforcement is used
primarily as feedback (Woolfolk, 2004).  Two famous contributors
to Cognitivism are Jean Piaget who is known for the theory that
children progress through stages and J. Anderson  who is know
for the two types of memory procedural and declarative.

Constructivism is the theory that describes learning to due to
the construction of knowledge. The theory focuses on the
understanding the information.  A big component of
Constructivism is socializing.  The learners are posed with
guiding questions and the learners work together to acquire the
new information.   Two famous contributors to Constructivism are
Lev Vygotsky who is known for the definition of Zone of Proximal
Development and Jerome Bruner who is known for stating that
learning is an active process.  

Behaviourism seems more useful (to me) in fact based situations. (As opposed to analytical / creative ones)